Can you provide examples of prophecies made by Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) that were fulfilled after his death?

There are many such prophecies that were fulfilled after Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH)’s death, including the following:

•Abū Bakrah narrated: “One day the Prophet (PBUH) brought al-Ḥasan [ibn ʿAlī] and took him up onto the pulpit with him and said: ‘This son of mine is a sayyid (leader), and I hope that Allāh will reconcile through him two groups of Muslims.’”¹ Indeed, the Prophet (PBUH)’s prophecy was fulfilled about thirty years after his death. After ʿAlī was martyred, the Muslims pledged allegiance to his son al-Ḥasan. The latter reflected on the division among the Muslims, with some supporting him and others supporting Muʿāwiyah. He concluded that restoring unity among the Muslims, preventing bloodshed, and preserving lives took precedence over his right to authority. He therefore relinquished the caliphate to Muʿāwiyah in 41 A.H. in order to unite the Muslims under a single ruler. That year became known as the Year of Jamāʿah (the Year of Unity).

•According to authentic narrations, the Prophet (PBUH) gave his nation the glad tidings that they would conquer Jerusalem. ʿAwf ibn Mālik narrated that the Prophet (PBUH) said: “Count six signs indicating the approach of the Hour: my death, the conquest of Jerusalem…”² Indeed, Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH)’s prophecy regarding the conquest of Jerusalem was fulfilled five years after his death. Similarly, he (PBUH) foretold the conquests of Yemen, the Levant, and Iraq, and these prophecies were fulfilled.³

•The Prophet (PBUH) also gave the glad tidings of the conquest of Constantinople. ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ said: “We were in the presence of the Messenger of Allāh (PBUH) writing when he was asked: ‘Which of the two cities will be conquered first, Constantinople or Rome?’ The Messenger of Allāh (PBUH) said: ‘The city of Heraclius will be conquered first,’ meaning Constantinople.”⁴ The first conquest of Constantinople took place during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II, known as Mehmed al-Fātiḥ (the Conqueror), in 1453, more than 800 years after the Prophet (PBUH) delivered his prophecy.

•Moreover, the Prophet (PBUH) foretold the conquest of Egypt. Abū Ḏarr al-Ġifārī reported that he (PBUH) said: “You will conquer Egypt.... When you conquer it, treat its people kindly, for they are entitled to protection and have ties of kinship with you (an allusion to Māriyyah al-Qibṭiyyah, the Egyptian bondwoman who was gifted to the Prophet (PBUH) by al-Muqawqis, the ruler of Egypt, and who became the mother of his son Ibrāhīm).”⁵ Indeed, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ conquered Egypt in 21 A.H. (642 C.E.). The Copts (Egyptian Christians) had been treated harshly under Byzantine rule. The Synaxarion—a liturgical book containing hagiographies (biographies of saints or holy figures), which is read during church services in the Eastern Orthodox tradition—describes how priests and monks fled to the desert to escape Byzantine persecution. Pope Benjamin I of Alexandria, the Patriarch of the Coptic Orthodox Church at the time, fled to the desert and lived there in exile for thirteen years after his brother was killed by the Byzantine authorities. After the Muslim conquest, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ initiated discussions with the Copts concerning the return of Pope Benjamin and his bishops to their church offices. According to the Coptic historian Severus ibn Muqaffaʿ, ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ wrote to the people of Egypt: “The position of Benjamin, the Patriarch of the Christians, is protected by our covenant and by the safety and security granted by Allāh. Let him return in peace to his followers.” When ʿAmr met Pope Benjamin, he received him with honor and respect and said to him: “Administer your churches and your people, and manage their affairs.”⁶ In short, Pope Benjamin was recognized as the legitimate leader of the Copts, and the Muslims restored to the latter rights that had been denied under Byzantine rule.⁷