What evidence from the Qurʾān and the Sunnah indicates that only a portion of male semen combines with the ovum to form the zygote?

Scientists discovered this information stated in the Qurʾān more than fourteen centuries ago only in the twentieth century. The fact that Man is created from only a small part of semen is expressed in the Qurʾān with the phrase “a drop of ejaculated semen.” Allāh says: {Was he (Man) not once a drop of ejaculated semen?} (Qurʾān 75:37). That is, was Man not once a weak drop of sperm from a fluid known as semen? Hence, the substance of Man is not the entirety of semen, but only a small part of it. The discovery of this fact became possible only through the technological advances of modern science, which have shown that sperm undertake a long journey to reach the ovum. According to scientists, at the end of a challenging race, the ovum—about half the size of a grain of salt—allows only one sperm to enter.¹ In fact, the fluid referred to as semen, which contains sperm, does not consist of sperm alone; rather, it is a mixture of different fluids. Essentially, seminal fluid is a collection of substances secreted by the testicles, the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and glands associated with the urinary tract. A detailed analysis of this fluid shows that it contains many separate substances that perform different functions, such as citric acid, prostaglandin, flavin, ascorbic acid, ergothioneine, cholesterol, phospholipids, fibrinolysin, zinc, acid phosphatase, phosphatase, hyaluronidase, and sperm. When semen is mentioned in the Qurʾān, this fact—discovered by modern science—is also indicated, and semen is described as a mixed fluid. Allāh says: {˹For˺ indeed, We ˹alone˺ created humans from a drop of mixed fluids, ˹in order˺ to test them, so We made them hear and see} (Qurʾān 76:2). In another verse, it is emphasized that Man is created from the “extract” of this mixture. Allāh says: {Who has perfected everything He created. And He originated the creation of humankind from clay. (7) Then He made his descendants from an extract of a humble fluid (8)} (Qurʾān 32:7–8). As previously explained, the Arabic word sulālah, translated as “an extract,” denotes the essential or best part of something. By either meaning, it signifies “part of a whole.” This indicates that creation originates from only a portion of the man’s fluid—which contains many components—rather than its entirety. This proves that the Qurʾān is the Word of Allāh, Who knows the creation of Man down to its minutest details. Furthermore, Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) stated that only part of the seminal fluid participates in the fertilization process: “Not from all the liquid does the child come.”² This particular emphasis in the Qurʾān and the Sunnah announced, over 14 centuries ago, a fact that only modern science would later discover. It thus constitutes evidence that Muḥammad (PBUH) is a Messenger of Allāh.