How can we be certain that the Qurʾān revealed to Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) truly contains abundant scientific miracles?

There are more than a thousand verses in the Qurʾān that describe cosmic phenomena related to the sky, the earth, the mountains, the rain, the winds, and fetal development. These verses were revealed fourteen centuries ago in a primitive environment dominated by pagan myths and superstitions. In other words, the Qurʾān contains scientific facts that were only discovered by modern science many centuries later, with some having been revealed very recently. Clearly, the primary reason for the disbelievers’ rejection of Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH)’s message is their lack of conviction that he received the revelations and commands he conveyed directly from Allāh. Accordingly, Allāh calls them to reflect upon the Qurʾān: it is either of divine origin and therefore infallible, or it is man-made and thus replete with myths, superstitions, charlatanism, and the ignorance typical of the culture of its time. Undeniably, the Qurʾān provides a compelling testimony to its divine origin. To begin with, how could a human being compose discourses on various topics, on different occasions, and under diverse circumstances, and have the collection of these discourses cohere into a homogeneous, integrated, and harmonious work? How can such a work be entirely permeated with a uniform outlook and attitude, that is, reflect a remarkable consistency in the tone, style, message, guidance, and purpose of its Author? And most importantly, how can such a work be so perfect that it could never, at any time, require revision? Indeed, the Qurʾān itself provides the criterion to prove that it is the Word of Allāh. Allāh says: {Do they not then reflect on the Qurʾān? Had it been from anyone other than Allāh, they would have certainly found in it many inconsistencies} (Qurʾān 4:82). Had the Qurʾān been authored by anyone other than Allāh, we would have found many contradictions and inconsistencies throughout it. Yet the Qurʾān is entirely free of contradictions and inconsistencies, thereby affirming its divine origin. Moreover, had it not been a revelation from Allāh, it would have inevitably been tainted with the ignorance characteristic of the primitive environment of its time. Therefore, anyone can verify the claim that the Qurʾān is the Word of Allāh simply by reading it in the light of scientific discoveries. This approach allows us to determine whether the Qurʾān was truly inspired by Allāh or merely a product of the environment in which it appeared, one rife with ignorance and superstition. Allāh urged the Quraysh to free themselves from selfish interests, whims, prejudices, and tribal attachments to consider the matter of Muḥammad (PBUH)’s Prophethood deeply, sincerely, and objectively, both individually and collectively: {Say, ˹O Prophet,˺ “I advise you to do ˹only˺ one thing: stand up for ˹the sake of˺ Allāh—individually or in pairs—then reflect. Your fellow man is not insane”} (Qurʾān 34:46). The very person whom they had dismissed as a madman when he invited them to Allāh had, until the day before, been regarded by them as exceptionally wise.¹ In short, they began to call the Prophet (PBUH) mad, despite having witnessed and experienced his wisdom and sagacity, purely out of stubbornness. Similarly, anyone who reflects upon the Qurʾān will recognize that it could not have come from anyone other than Allāh, for any book written during the Prophetic era (some fourteen centuries ago) or after it—even just two centuries ago—would be rife with countless scientific errors. Thus, it is clear and straightforward to discern whether the Qurʾān contains scientific miracles.